Specify the application of demand modifications and energy storage technologies to provide energy services at an overall minimal cost

The time step model of renewable electricity for transport use in WP3 will be extended by adding cost data for each technology, including technology learning rates for the most significant technologies. The relative costs of energy storage and demand flexibility will be compared and the system as a whole will be optimised to provide the required energy services for minimum total cost in a low-carbon energy system.

Objectives

• Assess options for EV charging as a flexible load
• Assign economic costs to PV, to storage and to making demand more flexible
• Add an optimisation algorithm based on lifetime costs and environmental impact

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